The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising nutria-derived bile as an active ingredient for the prevention or treatment of liver disease, to a method for the prevention or treatment of liver disease, and to a food composition comprising nutria-derived bile as an active ingredient for the protection of liver or the prevention or alleviation of liver disease. According to the present invention, the composition can be utilized as a substitute product for bear gallbladder by comprising nutria bile as an active ingredient, and thus can be used for improving liver function, suppressing liver damage, and preventing and treating liver disease without side effects.