The present invention relates to a catechol derivative-based adhesive composition and a production method therefor, and more specifically, to a catechol derivative-based adhesive composition comprising a hydroxyl protecting group and various functional groups, and a production method therefor. The adhesive composition, according to the present invention, is produced so as to be based on a catechol derivative compound and to comprise a hydroxyl protecting group and various functional groups, and thus has excellent biocompatibility, is economical and exhibits excellent adhesive strength even in a wet condition, and thus has the effect of being capable of being used as a dental or surgical adhesive.