The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating sepsis or septic shock, the composition comprising, as an active ingredient, adenosine kinase (ADK) protein derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The ADK protein derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, according to the present invention, has an effect of inhibiting the binding between LPS and cells due to binding with LPS, and has good therapeutic effects on sepsis, such as an increase in the survival rate of a sepsis animal model, inhibition of inflammatory response in the lung and of cell death in the spleen, etc.